Contraceptives essays

Contraceptives essays CONTRACEPTIVE USE AT FIRST INTERCOURSE The 1995 National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) report on contraceptive use at First intercourse presented tables of data based on women population 15 to 44 years of age in the U.S. who had voluntary premarital intercourse. The tables illustrate percentages of women that used contraceptives and selected methods of contraceptives during first time intercourse. This information is broken down by age, race and Hispanic origin, and year of first intercourse. The data indicates that in general contraceptive use during first time intercourse increases with age. As illustrated in the age group table, only 51.4 percent of teenagers under 16 years of age used contraceptives during first time intercourse as opposed to 65.6 percent of women 20 years of age and over. There was however, a slight decrease in percentage from 61.5 to 60.0 percent in women 18 to 19 years of age, respectively. In terms of race, the overall trend indicates that Hispanic women were the group least likely to! use contraceptives during first time intercourse. In comparison to non-Hispanic white 64.8 percent, and non-Hispanic black 50.1 percent, only 36.2 percent of Hispanic women used contraception. This trend is supported by data based on first time intercourse between 1990 to 1995 for women grouped by race under 20 years of age, and over 20 years of age. The data illustrates that 52.8 percent of Hispanic women under 20 used contraception, and over the age of 20 there was an increase to 53.7 percent. The data on black women under 20 years of age; 72.1 percent, and over 20 years of age; 72.4 percent. But, when comparing this data to white women, the gap between white and Hispanic women increases even further. White women under 20 years of age; 83.0 percent, and over 20 years of age; 81.5 percent. This raw data, unfortunately, does not give any indication of subgroups within each race group and their socioeconomic statu...

The Atlantic System and Africa Essay Example

The Atlantic System and Africa Essay Example The Atlantic System and Africa Essay The Atlantic System and Africa Essay Although slave trade has been established since early history, it was the in the seventeenth century and beyond that slaves became the focal point of trade between Europe and Africa. Europes expansion through North and South America and the Caribbean islands in the fifteenth century formed an unquenchable demand for African laborers, who were thought to be more fit physically in the harsh tropical environment of the New World. The figures of slaves imported across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas increased gradually over time. As much as 10 to 15 million people were displaced, their ties with their families cut and their odds of going back to their homes were nonexistent. Political circumstances changed the trade alliances in Africa and led to variation in the regional origins of slaves all through the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Slaves were usually the ill-fated victims of wars, raids, and territorial expansion. The triangular trade or the Atlantic circuit explains the whole process of slave trade In the Atlantic Ocean. The journey starts in Europe where the European sailors would load their ships with guns, horses and many other products ranging from pots and pans to textiles which were brought from India. Not to mention the transmittable diseases that were brought by European sailors as well, who would then set sail to Africa to exchange theses goods with tribal chiefs, kings or local slave traders for slaves. Sometimes slaves would travel 1200km of inland just to reach the ships location. The slaves and European sailors would then embark on the long and strenuous trip to the Americas. During the trip to the North or South of America, depending on the demand of the slaves, sometimes as much as half of the slaves would die from sickness, starvation, lack of clean water and food. On arrival the slaves would start work. Their life span after parting Africa would be around ten years because of the demanding backbreaking labor. In Africa slavery existed for a long time before the Europeans ever arrived. Their were two known systems for slavery, the old system of which was used by Africans and Arabs etc. and the new system which was used by Europeans. In the old system, slavery was neither permanent nor inherited, it was not based on race, slaves worked as servants to the owners (no hard physical labor), and 2/3 were women sold as harems. In the new system, slavery was permanent and inherited, it was based on the belief that black Africans were inferior, slaves did hard physical labor, and mainly slaves were male between the ages of 15 to 30. It would be hard to prove, however, that the transatlantic trade did not play a huge role on the development and size of slavery on the African Continent. In Europe and the New World, demand for slaves was increasing and although it was a very risky business, it has proven to be extremely lucrative. This trade has proved beneficial for the African kingdoms and states as well. It made them more powerful and wealthier. The victim nation’s cultures power were greatly decimated creating an immense power imbalance. This played a vital role in the development of Africa. The slave trade was responsible for the appearance of powerful large kingdoms such as the Yoruba Kingdom of Oyo on the guinea coast, which largely depended on slave trade. This led to it’s rapid expansion in the eighteenth century. It was founded sometime before the 15th century; this kingdom relied on their militaristic culture. It’s army used advanced iron technology which was handed to them by the Europeans. Another kingdom that expanded used the slave trade to their gain was the Kingdom of Dahomey, in what is now the Republic of Benin it imitated the Chokwe chiefdoms from under the present day country of Angola and the Democratic Republic of Congo. No doubt the transatlantic trade has caused a population decline in Africa. In particular the shortage of men may have changed the structural roles of males females in many African societies and cultures. Women might of have engaged in activities that were once done by their husbands, fathers or sons. The Americas Europe have got extremely wealthy because of the transatlantic trade and the businesses that were created with it, some of which were made with funds from European joint stock ventures, and a few government owned and controlled companies like the Dutch West Indies Company. These businesses ranged from mine plantations to cotton fields and introduced many new products in Europe that created a stir among Europeans. Fortunatley a new chapter began in America and slavery was ended with the emancipation proclamation, it was issued by Abraham Lincoln on the year 1863. On the short term the slave trade caused pain and grief to a lot of African nations. On the long term it created change and opportunity. It also made the Americas ethnically and culturally diverse. America became a place where everyone is welcome to pursue the American Dream and live free and equally despite one’s ethnicity.

How to Write Perfect Expository Essays Without Wasting Your Time

How to Write Perfect Expository Essays Without Wasting Your Time Are you required to write an expository essay for school? It's better to start your work with short research. You have to understand the main purpose of writing this type of paper. In this detailed guide, you will find good tips about making expository essays. We will provide you with the entire process of writing and give some ideas how to structure your future paper, how to choose an interesting topic, how your essay should be started, how to write good thesis statement, body, and provide you with ideas of expository essay examples. It's understandable that not each and every person has strong skills in writing. Many people waste their time and efforts to create a good expository essay, and they are not always successful. Read our detailed instruction and make an interesting expository essay to impress your teacher. In an expository essay, students need to place detailed explanation of chosen subject using just fair analysis without personal opinion. It's possible to mark several types of this essay. Definition essay – explains the meaning of an object, word, or any concept. This can be work written about any kind of animal (cat, lion) or subject of our world (flowers, plane). It is possible to describe an abstract thing in our life: love, happiness, or sadness. Classification essay – in this paper, writer divide characteristics into groups and categories and describes each category for readers. Compare and contrast essay – this work shows differences and similarities between two or more subjects. Cause and effect essay. This work points how one thing depends on another. The author needs to choose two subjects and focus on why something has happened, and what facts and reasons caused this to happen. â€Å"How to† essay. This is a paper that explains the entire procedure of some process with details. ORDER EXPOSITORY ESSAY The Process of Creating a Successful Expository Essay You have learned main goals and types of expository essay. We want to provide you with the clear and detailed plan of writing; follow this list with useful steps and tips that will help you make an interesting essay. Prewriting phase. First of all, you need to think what information you are going to include in your future essay. Brainstorm your ideas and choose most important moments you want to explain and describe to your readers; you can read expository essay examples to get some ideas about writing. Make notes to keep in mind important things, and you won't forget anything. Define structure. Any expository essay must have a concrete structure that includes five main paragraphs. You need to start your work with an introduction where you explain the main goal of your essay to readers. Don't make this part too long, usually, it should be one page or less. The next three paragraphs are your essay's body part: you need to provide readers with details that support your thesis statement. Remember you need to prove each argument of your essay with evidence. The final paragraph is a conclusion, where you have to restate thesis and finish your work. Logical end is necessary for the successful essay, that's why this paragraph requires a lot of attention from you. Make an essay outline. Some students may think the outline is time-wasting for them, but it can turn to a clear plan for your future essay, so you should spend some time to create it. You will spend less time with writing if you create an outline: when you travel with a map, you know where and how to go. Put into your outline both general information and details related to your topic. Write a draft. It's time to make a draft of your future expository essay: use your outline and don't forget about structure – these are key moments for creating an effective expository essay. Don't worry about misprints and mistakes on this stage, think about the plot; you will have time to revise and correct your essay. Polish your expository essay. After you have finished your essay, it's time to re-read it and see what parts must be changed; we suggest taking some rest after you wrote an essay, and revise it with refreshed eyes. You have to check your work and find logical, grammar, and punctuation mistakes. ORDER MY PERFECT A-GRADE ESSAY Tips for Writing an Expository Essay If you feel you need more help with your expository paper, these easy and effective hints will be effective in making a successful expository essay. Write thesis statement at end of the introduction. Make sure each and every sentence of your essay is connected to the thesis. Paragraphs of your expository essay should be connected to each other, that's why you can write some sentences between them to make entire paper logical and smooth. Don't bring any new information in conclusion. Read assignment before you start to work on your future paper, and try to mark all important moments your teacher wants to see in your essay. Include a lot of information into the outline. It will be easier to write an expository essay according to a detailed plan. If grammar isn't your strong side, feel free to use special software to find and fix grammar errors in your expository essay. Ask your friend or relative to read your expository paper; you can make some corrections into your essay in accordance with their feedback. Avoid obvious topics and standard language, and try to be creative and extraordinary! Below, we will provide you with essay topic examples. Keep in mind that reader must learn something new after reading your expository essay. Best Expository Essay Topics We want to give you some expository essay topic ideas. You can use our ideas to make a good paper. Surf Internet to find more expository essay examples and topics by popular writers online.    Expository Essay Topics for High School Students How is it possible to prevent bullying in schools? How does the human brain evolve during years of our life? What causes an allergic reaction, and how is it possible to prevent it? How robots help people, and why they can replace people in some professions? Explain why some people prefer to send an email instead of direct conversation. Compare living in the house and in flat; write main points that make these place different. Why some teenagers commit suicide, and what possible ways to prevent this? Explain why the idea of leaving parents' house make some teenagers feel scared? Why kids smoke, and how teachers should react on that? How to write a good speech for high-school conference? Topics for Expository Essays for College Describe five objects that symbolize our culture. What causes teenagers to fight with parents, and how is it possible to prevent this? Why parents' divorce causes children suffer? If you were an animal, which one you'd choose? Why it's important for any person to get driver's license? If you were an object, which one you'd select? Describe a thing that makes you happy and smiley. Why some kids skip school, and how their parents should react? If you were a flower, which one you'd choose? Why many people attend public libraries, even if they have the Internet at home? Expository Essay Topics about Education What is the history of the education system in Great Britain? Explain why the education is important to each person to get. Explain why some students use help from writing company instead of making their papers by themselves. Explain how modern schools use technology in studying process. How can teachers give their experience to students? Why it's hard to motivate a modern student to study, and how to make people involved in learning? Explain main advantages of distance studying. Why it's important to study at school, even if you are not planning to enter university? Describe the ideal teacher of your class. Describe the classroom of future, and explain why you see it this way. We hope that after reading this guide, you have got many ideas about writing your expository essay. Making such paper is not an easy job. You need a lot of time, patience, and skills to write a successful essay. Don't stop improving your skills and create many wonderful expository essays to impress your teacher and classmates!

A critical review of one article relating to aspects of transformation Assignment

A critical review of one article relating to aspects of transformation of work - Assignment Example By year 2002, 2.3% of the working population of UK was working in the call centers. A call center is defined as an operation in which employees who utilize computers receive inbound calls or make telephone calls which are outbound. Those calls are processed by a call distribution system which is automated. Technological growth and innovation have led to the production of change and organizational form continuity. The paper relates to employment relations and organization at work. It also relates to the process of labor and control, gender, practices of human resource management, emotional labor and unionization. It aids to the understanding of the nature of work in call centers. The article recognizes one theme in that, despite the common aspects that integrate telephone and visual display unit technology, call center’s work organization is not uniform. This necessitates the need to take account in relation to differences in a number of variables. The article focuses on work which embraces call centers which are within the parameters of work knowledge. Operators’ perception is examined regarding exercise of control, pace of undertaking work and breaks determination. This tests the validity of regimentation as call center work description. Employees satisfaction levels are also examined relating to performance of tasks at work. Dedicated teams at two surveys which were conducted, engaged in observation of the processes of work. Observations from notes from the fields, containing accounts of interviews with staff, formed the initial qualitative data set. Questionnaire schedules were conducted in both surveys. Observations and interviews led to the provision of background knowledge which aided in the construction of employee questionnaire. Questions were also formed based on consultations between human resource, call center managers and employees. The first survey was a telephone questionnaire conducted by managers. This was done to determine

International bussiness law Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

International bussiness law - Coursework Example With regard to the efficiency along with the adequate significance of a valid contract, the aspect of consideration is often viewed as one of the major attributes which ensures to clearly understand about the conditions accepted by both the contractual parties during an agreement (MacMillan & Stone, 2012). This paper intends to critically define and explain the aspect of ‘consideration’ in relation to the law of a contract. In order to critically understand the major guidelines underneath the aspect, the discussion of this paper would highly focus on critically evaluating the statements regarding consideration that include â€Å"past consideration is not good consideration† along with â€Å"consideration must be sufficient but does not have to be adequate†. (i) Definition and Explanation of Consideration in relation to the Law of Contract In relation to the perspective of contract law, the aspect of consideration is identified as a set of principles that ar e agreed by both the parties while entering into an agreement. With the purpose of enforcing a contract, it is essential for both the party(s) to agree with certain terms along with conditions concerning payment. Therefore, consideration in a contract can further be stated as the commitment of paying the price of a contract by the other party. Consideration may also be recognised as the benefit or interest acquired by one party with loss or liability given by the other party (Field, 2012). Moreover, consideration is also defined as the fundamental prerequisite which denotes certain essential terms along with conditions, to be accepted by both the contractual parties in achieving the predetermined objectives of the contract. Owing to the stated concern, the fundamental law governing the facet of consideration is generally defined as agreed equivalent and inducing causes of the parties, for the purpose of satisfying the value and validity of the contract (Xie, 2010). Therefore, consid eration of a valid contract generally incorporates three major types of obligations that efficiently enable the contractual parties to accomplish their desired objectives. In this regard, the obligations relating to the doctrine of consideration include the following: The obligations associated with a valid and a justified contract law ensure to act independently for smooth progress of the contractual agreement The obligations that are allocated by the third party of the contract and The obligations that exist in a particular contract with an individual, who has created a new promise, for which the persisting obligation is suspected in offering a valid consideration of a contract (MacMillan & Stone, 2012). Roles and Significance of Consideration With reference to the law of contract, consideration ensures to play a decisive role for both the parties in order to achieve a valid contractual agreement. In relation to determine the importance of consideration, it can be affirmed from a broader outlook that ensuring the incorporation of valid conditions in line with the justifiable requirements of a contract is an essential role of consideration. The aspect i.e. consideration

Econ3077 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Econ3077 - Essay Example In such cases, a buyer will be willing to purchase or rather to pay an average price for any quality stock. At this point, he brings in the idea of high and a low quality company. For a high quality company, the executives will not be willing to sell anything at an average price; whether stock or shares. However, for the companies that agree to sell at an average price, they are deemed to be of low quality since it will destroy the quality of the stock market. Additionally, Akerlof (2003) mentions how heterogeneity in quality and the asymmetric information leads to diminishing or distraction of markets that have indefinite guarantees. Thus, presence of asymmetry information makes the buyer not to distinguish the quality of products. As a result, this gives sellers an opportunity to sell the low-quality goods at the same value as the high quality goods. However, the buyer takes quality into consideration and the goods with the average quality are the only ones considered. Consequentially, the goods that have high quality will be driven off the market in a recurring manner until there is no trade

International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 6

International Business - Essay Example The demands and supply in the international market determines the exchange rate of world major currencies. The supply of a nation currency reflects demands for foreign goods services and securities by that country. The demand of a currency of a country reflects foreign demand for that country goods, services and securities from other countries. Ceteris Paribus, the quantity demanded reflects a negative function of the exchange rate. The market gravitates to equilibrium exchange rate where quantity demanded is equal to the quantity supplied. For instance, Ceteris Paribus, from initial equilibrium, if U.S incomes, inflations or foreign interests’ rates rise, U.S demand for foreign goods, services and securities will increase and so will the supply of dollar. The market will gravitate to the new equilibrium at a lower exchange rate that corresponds to the depreciation of the dollar (Bigman and Teizo 2003, p. 88). Similarly, Ceteris Paribus, if foreign incomes, foreign inflations, or U.S interest rates rise, foreign demands for U.S goods, services and securities will rise and so will be the demand for the dollar. The market will gravitate to a new equilibrium at a higher exchange rate that corresponds to an appreciation of the dollar. ... However, it is worth to note that market forces are not the only factors that influence the exchange rate. In addition, Central Bank may intervene in the foreign exchange market selling or buying currencies to impact the exchange rates. Central bank intervenes when the currency becomes either over or under valued. This system is distinctively different from the fixed exchange rate system under the Breton woods accord. Therefore, it is interesting to note that the present international monetary system can be characterized more correctly as a managed float exchange rate system. This is because the exchange rates changes according to demand and supply, however, central bank may intervene when deemed necessary to save the currency (Burton 2009, p.436). Opponent of Floating exchange rate system argues that’s the system leads to exchange rate volatility which consequently affects trade. Analysis of the effect of exchange rate volatility on trade can be grouped into two. There are th ose who use time series evidence to look at the relationship between volatility and trade, and there are those who use cross- sectional comparison across countries. Results on different studies relating to effect of exchange rate volatility and trade using the time series evidence varies quite widely a few have found a significant effect but most finds little or no impact, for instances surveys done by IMF in 1984 and the Commission for European Communities in 1990. This research indicates that higher volatility has a small negative impact on trade volumes (Burton 2009, p.438). Alternatively, comparisons can be made across countries rather than over time. A model of expected trade flows between countries calculates