Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Well Class of 2012, we did it We are graduating. All the hard work we have done to graduate has paid off. All the final exams, the many stairs weve taken up and down Gadd Highs halls, to the gym for practice, up to the cafeteria to connect with friends, down to the library, up to the playing fields -- theyre all over. After today, our lives will be changed forever. forward that happens, lets take a look at the last four years of memories and even go back to those memories from our elementary and middle school years and view them into a book our own book, our book of life. If, some day, people could read our individual book, what would they learn from them?Have you ever read a book you honest couldnt put down? A book that was so exciting and interesting that you couldnt wait to see what happened next. Our lives are like chapters in that type of book. Each chapter is remarkable and special in its own way. Our lives represent the most exciting book well ever read. In fact, we should hope that our book becomes more exciting and interesting with for each one new day, that we read faster a...

berry goody :: essays research papers

Berry Gordy Father of the Motown SoundBerry Gordy Jr. was innate(p) in Detroit, Michigan on November 28, 1929. He was the seventh born out of eight siblings. His parents migrated to Detroit from Georgia during 1922. They were part of a mass exodus of African Americans who go away the South in the 20s and traveled to northern cities in search of better economic futures. During that time jobs were plentiful in the factories, mainly the big four automotive plants that like, Chrysler, Ford, Chevrolet, and General Motors. Berry and Bertha Gordy would instill in Berry Jr. and his brothers and sisters a strong work ethic and a belief that anything could be achieved through persistence. His family in addition had deep roots in business. Berry Sr. owned a plastering and carpentry service, a general store, and a printing business. Gordys family believed in the doctrine of Booker T. Washington, which stressed economic independence for blacks. Gordy Sr. named his store after him. Berry Gord y Jr. was heavily influenced by the ambition of his father.Like his father, he was also very determined and he tried many new ventures. Berry was an average student who earned decent grades. Despite this he decided to degrade out of Northeastern High School to peruse a featherweight boxing career. He once even fought on the same card as the abundant Joe Louis. He had a brief but successful series of fights but decided to give up boxing in 1951. That same year he would then decide to try out the Army. He served for two years during the Korean War there he earned his high school equivalency diploma. later his short stint in the army, he decided to open a record store, which only sold jazz records. Berry always enjoyed listening to records in his basement and he had a great love of music. Berry always hung around Detroits popular nightspots to hear the bebop jazz sounds. He was able to hold the performances of famous artists like pianist Thelonious Monk and saxophonist Charlie &quo tBird" Parker. Unfortunately, Berrys store eventually closed due to financial difficulties.Gordy soon found himself working at Fords Mercury plant, earning $85 a week. Bored with his assembly line job, he spent all of his free time writing songs. Berry would hum melodies and chance on up song lyrics in his head to break the monotony of everyday work. Berry soon began to get serious about song writing and he got his big break when he won a talent contest.

Conrad’s Congo Journey :: Biography Biographies Essays

Conrads Congo Journey Joseph Conrads own experiences during his get by finished the Congo helped him provide a foundation for the writing of Heart of Darkness. In 1890, Conrad took a job as a schoolmaster on the river steam Kinshasa. Before Conrad took this job, he had worked for the French merchant navy as a way to escape Russian military service and also to escape the excited troubles that had plagued him. Conrad had been in a financial crisis that was resolved with help from his uncle. After this series of events, Conrad joined the British merchant navy at the beckoning of his uncle and took the job as the captain of a steamboat in the Congo River. An important fact to remember is that Conrad was a young and inexperienced man when he was exposed to the harsh and dangerous feel of a sailor. His experiences in the West Indies and especially in the Belgium Congo were eye opening and facilitated his strong outlooks that are reflected in the book Heart of Darkness. Con rads tour through the Belgian Congo gave him the experiences and knowledge to write about a place that most Europeans would never see in their lives. The diaries Conrad kept during his journey through the Congo gives detailed descriptions of the monotonous African landscape. Conrad wrote that the landscape of the African coast looked the same every single day.1 This is reflected in Marlows narration of the jungle where shapes and forms cannot be made out clearly. The monotonous landscape differed from what Conrad had expected of this exotic location. When he was still a young kid, he had once boasted that he would someday journey to the heart of Africa. However, the actual journey was not at all what he expected it to be. Conrad was shocked at the men in the African colony. He was repulsed by the European colonizers because of the horrible treatment of the natives as well as the unlawful aggressive pursuit of loot. Conrad witnessed atrocities committed by the European c olonizers, which helped to form his opinions on the village of Africa. In the novel, Conrad uses sarcasm to display his displeasure towards the European colonizers treatment of the natives. The Europeans in the book are called pilgrims and the natives are called cannibals, however the pilgrims are the ones who are much more than willing to use force to resolve their problems.

Groundwater Pollution and Drinking Water Scarcity :: Freshwater Essays

Ground peeing What is it? Well its basically self-explanatory and is any water that is held under ground. That is only a very simple definition of it though and well in fact ground water is very full of life to every ones life locally and worldwide. Most of the water that you drink comes from ground water and not from lakes and rivers even though those are considered as a severalize of ground water components. Ground water has many components that it can be divided into and this paper depart explain what ground water is, that negatives and positives of it, where is it and how it gets there. I will also explain how it affects people locally and worldwide.Like I said ground water is any water under the ground. Water is in closely everything on this earth and approximately 70% of this earth is covered with water on its surface. Ground water locations can take on may forms such(prenominal) as in caves to lakes. Sure it is very easy to understand the significance of water from rive rs lakes streams and oceans. But how much do you know about all of the water that exists below the surface of our earth. Im sure that you think that groundwater is kind of like an underground river or lake. If you do your somewhat right but that not just throw in the towel it. Only in caves or near lava flow does the underground rivers and lakes occur. Instead ground water is usually held within pours of soil or rock material. An good example to show how the water is held is to fill a sponge with water that is kind of the way that ground water is held in these underground materials.Groundwater is very in effect(p) to human life for several reasons. First, humans withdraw at about 40% of the public water supply on earth for everyday uses. Of that 40% that is withdrawn for everyday use 22% of it is fresh water that is sanitary enough to drink. One of those uses is very helpful for farmers and their irrigation systems to make crops, to help mankind be fed each and every day. In fact 34% of ground water is used to help irrigation on farms so farmers can grow their crops. Where do you think that water comes from your local home faucet? Well odds are its from ground water because 53% of the American populations drinking water comes from groundwater.

Slave Stuff Essays -- essays research papers

The break ones back trade in Uncle Toms CabinFew books skunk truly be said to have altered the course of history, and even fewer can be said to have started an entire war. Uncle Toms Cabin, written by Harriet Beecher Stowe, was one novel to do both. Abraham Lincoln said to Harriet Beecher Stowe upon meeting her, "So this is the little lady who made this big war.. Uncle Toms Cabin had a tremendous effect on early 19th century thoughts of break ones backry stirring abolitionist support in the north. The novel is a realistic, although fictional raft of slavery with the images of brutal beatings and unfair slave practices. After reading Uncle Toms Cabin thousand of northerners became impassioned for the anti-slavery cause. Uncle Toms Cabin helped eventually to turn the tide of public opinion against slavery in the 19th century( Taylor 1). This controversial novel was initially written to question slavery, convince people of its immorality and to promote the abolitionist cause. The novels rendering of the slave holding south is not entirely an accurate interpretation of what it was like though. Beecher over exaggerated and overlooked some(prenominal) facts in novel, especially pertaining to the practice of slave trading. To have her readers empathize more with the slaves, Beecher put the worst stories in and the cruelest practices of the slave trade depicted by take to the woods away slaves. Although most of Uncle Toms Cabin is very close to the reality of slavery, many aspects of the slave trade were portrayed inaccurately. One of the first miscalculated aspects of the slave trade is the reason for southern states involvement in the interstate slave trade. Stowe depicted Kentuckys involvement in the slave trade due to the ugly soil of the region and economic ties with the practice. She implied in the beginning half of the Novel that many Kentuckians resorted to being bondmen in the slave trade due to the infertile take of the Bluegrass Region. In Stow es Key to Uncle Toms Cabin, (a book designed to muffle the critics of Uncle Toms Cabin) she stated that Slaverys incidental lack of economic viability and prevailing agricultural impoverishment are to blame for Kentuckys involvement in the notorious traffic (Stowe 254). On the contrary, Kentucky where the bulk of the slave trade was supposedly concentrated has long been blessed with great fertility. The high phosphorus content a... ...m promoted.      Work CitedHarrison, Lowel H. The Antislavery Movement in the deep south UNC at Chapel Hill Libraries Online. 1978. University of North Carolina 5 Jan 2001<http//docsouth.unc.edu/neh/neh.html>Levy, Steven. Slavery in Kentucky. Lancaster Pennsylvania New Printing Company, Negro universities Press 4-6 McDougle, Ivan E. Sketches of America. Black Studies at Howard University. 1994. 4 Jan 2001. <http//info.greenwood.com/cgi-bin/getidx.pl?SUBJECT=subjINBS>Smith, William Andrew. Lectures on Philosophy and Practic e of Slavery, as Exhibited in the Institution of Domestic Slavery in the United States with the Duties of Masters to Slaves Electronic Edition. UNC at Chapel Hill Libraries Online. 1802-1870. University of North Carolina 5 Jan 2001 <http//docsouth.unc.edu/church/smith/smith.html>. Stowe, Harriet Beecher. The Key to Uncle Toms Cabin. Boston, 1853 reprint, New York Arno Press, 1969 279Taylor, Jeremiah. Sold Down the River Genealogy Magazine Online. 13 Nov 1998. Genealogy Magazine. Dec. 2000 <http//www.geneaologymag.com/acad/original/jeremiahtaylor98.htm>.

Slave Stuff Essays -- essays research papers

The slave workmanship in in Uncle Toms CabinFew books can in truth be said to have altered the course of history, and even fewer can be said to have started an entire war. Uncle Toms Cabin, written by Harriet Beecher Stowe, was wholeness impudent to do both. Abraham Lincoln said to Harriet Beecher Stowe upon meeting her, "So this is the little lady who made this big war.. Uncle Toms Cabin had a amazing effect on early 19th century thoughts of thrall stirring abolitionist support in the north. The novel is a realistic, although fictional view of slavery with the images of brutal beatings and unfair slave practices. After reading Uncle Toms Cabin thousand of northerners became impassioned for the anti-slavery cause. Uncle Toms Cabin helped eventually to turn the tide of creation opinion against slavery in the 19th century( Taylor 1). This controversial novel was initially written to question slavery, convince people of its immorality and to promote the abolitionist cause. The novels rendering of the slave holding south is not entirely an accurate interpretation of what it was like though. Beecher over exaggerated and overlooked several facts in novel, especially pertaining to the practice of slave trading. To have her readers empathize more with the slaves, Beecher put the worst stories in and the cruelest practices of the slave trade depicted by run aside slaves. Although most of Uncle Toms Cabin is very close to the reality of slavery, many aspects of the slave trade were portrayed inaccurately. One of the first miscalculated aspects of the slave trade is the reason for southern states involvement in the interstate slave trade. Stowe depicted Kentuckys involvement in the slave trade due to the poor grunge of the region and economic ties with the practice. She implied in the beginning half of the Novel that many Kentuckians resorted to being bondmen in the slave trade due to the infertile land of the bluegrass Region. In Stowes Key to Uncle Toms Cabin, (a book designed to muffle the critics of Uncle Toms Cabin) she stated that Slaverys subsequent escape of economic viability and prevailing agricultural impoverishment are to blame for Kentuckys involvement in the notorious traffic (Stowe 254). On the contrary, Kentucky where the bulk of the slave trade was supposedly concentrated has long been blessed with great fertility. The high phosphorus content a... ...m promoted.      Work CitedHarrison, Lowel H. The Antislavery Movement in the deep south UNC at chapel service Hill Libraries Online. 1978. University of North Carolina 5 Jan 2001<http//docsouth.unc.edu/neh/neh.html>Levy, Steven. Slavery in Kentucky. Lancaster Pennsylvania New Printing Company, Negro universities Press 4-6 McDougle, Ivan E. Sketches of America. Black Studies at Howard University. 1994. 4 Jan 2001. <http//info.greenwood.com/cgi-bin/getidx.pl? put in=subjINBS>Smith, William Andrew. Lectures on Philosophy and Practice of Slaver y, as Exhibited in the Institution of Domestic Slavery in the United States with the Duties of Masters to Slaves Electronic Edition. UNC at chapel service Hill Libraries Online. 1802-1870. University of North Carolina 5 Jan 2001 <http//docsouth.unc.edu/church/smith/smith.html>. Stowe, Harriet Beecher. The Key to Uncle Toms Cabin. Boston, 1853 reprint, New York Arno Press, 1969 279Taylor, Jeremiah. Sold Down the River family tree Magazine Online. 13 Nov 1998. Genealogy Magazine. Dec. 2000 <http//www.geneaologymag.com/acad/original/jeremiahtaylor98.htm>.

Retail Sector Opportunity and Threats

Indian retail industriousness is dividing into organized and unorganized sectors. Organized sell refers to trading activities undertaken by licensed retailers, that is, those who atomic number 18 registered for sale tax, income tax, etc. these include the corporate-backed hypermarket and retail durance, and also the privately owned large retail businesses. Unorganized retailing, on the other hand, refers to the traditional formats of low-cost retailing for example, the local kirana shops, owner manned general stores, paan shops, convenience shop, hand cart and pavement vendors, etc.Opportunity * India is among 10 largest retail markets in the world. * Urbanization * Location advantage. * Falling real estate cost * E-retailing * Changing consumer habits and lifestyles. * The retail sector in India is worth USD 394 billion and is ontogenesis at the rate of 30% annually. * India is the least competitive as well as least saturated of all major global market. This implies that there a re significantly low entry barriers for players trying to setup base in India in term of the competitive landscape. A good talent pool, unlimited opportunities, long markets, and availability of quality raw materials at cheaper cost is expected to make India overtake the worlds best retail economies by 2040, according to industry players. * Currently, the market share of organized modern retail is just over 4 percent of the total retail industry, thereby leaving a spacious untapped opportunity. * The composition of the Indian population is shifting towards the age group of 20-49 i. e. the working population with purchasing power. As per a Mckinsey report, of the current 204 million households in India, about 13 million households leave the income to prop up growth of organized retail and this consumer segment is expected to grow at over 20% annually in the next eight years. * Rising disposable income The second fastest growing economy has provided new employment avenues and the s ame bring forth resulted in increase in number of people in the earners category. Increasing instances of double incomes in most families coupled with the rise in spending power is get on fuelling growth in consumption and in turn growth of the retail sector. Shopping convenience Apart from the population that has desire and ability to spend, the other factors that have patronized modern retail or organized retail is the convenience of shopping and wide variety. Threats * Inflation. * Lack of differentiation among the malls that are coming. * The industry is facing a severe shortage of talented professionals, especially at the middle-management level. * Most Indian retail players are under serious pressure to make their supply chains more efficient in order to deliver the level of quality and service that consumers are demanding.Long intermediation chain would increase the costs by 15 percent. * Lack of adequate infrastructure with respect to roads, electricity has further led to the impediment of a pan-India network of suppliers. Due to these constraints, retail chains have to restore to duple vendors for their requirements, thereby, raising costs and prices. * Retailing is yet to become a preferred career option for most of Indias educated pattern that has chosen sector like IT, BPO and financial services. * Policy related issues Lack of industry status for retail. * Numerous license, permits and registration requirement. * Farmer and retailer unfriendly APMC act. * restrict consumer insight * Lack of detailed region specific customer data. * Less data on spending pattern. * Inadequate human resources * Lack of trained force play at all level. * Stringent employment and industry laws. * Fragment approach to human resources. * Taxation hurdle * Inconsistent octopi and entry tax structure. * Vat and multiple taxation issues. * Large grey market presence.

Law Assignment Essay

Q1- Shambu Dayal started self service system in his shop. Smt. Prakash entered the shop took a basket and after taking articles of her election into the basket reached the cashier for payments. The cashier refuses to accept the price. Can Shambu Dayal be compelled to sell the articles to Smt. Prakash? Decide. retortInvitation to offerThe offer should be distinguished from an invitation to offer. An offer is the final grimace of volitionness by the offeror to be bound by his offer should the party chooses to accept it. Where a party, without expressing his final willingness, proposes certain terms on which he is willing to negotiate, he does non make an offer, but invites only the other party to make an offer on those terms. This is the basic distinction between offer and invitation to offer.The pompousness of articles with a price in it in a self-service shop is merely an invitation to offer. It is in no sense an offer for sale, the acceptation of which constitutes a contract. In this case, Smt. Prakash in selecting some articles and approaching the cashier for payment simply made an offer to buy the articles selected by her. If the cashier does not accept the price, the interested vendee cannot compel him to sell.Q2- Ramaswami proposed to sell his house to Rajiv who sent his acceptance by post. Next day, Rajiv sends a telegram withdrawing his acceptance. Examine the validity of the acceptance in the light of the hobby-AnswerThe problem is related with the communication and time of acceptance and its revocation. As per air division 4 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872, the communication of an acceptance is a fatten out as against the acceptor when it comes to the knowledge of the proposer. An acceptance may be revoked at all time before the communication of the acceptance is complete as against the acceptor, but not afterwards.a) The telegram of revocation of acceptance was received by Ramaswami before the letter of acceptance Ans- Yes, the revocation of acceptance by Ramanathan (the acceptor) is valid.b) The telegram of revocation and letter of acceptance both received together Ans- If Ramaswami opens the telegram first (and this would be normally so in case of a rational soul) and reads it, the acceptance stands revoked. If he opens the letter first and reads it, revocation of acceptance is not possible as the contract has already been concludedQ3- X agreed to fuck off an assistant for 5 geezerhood to Y, who was a Doctor practicing at Ludhiana. It was also agreed that during the term of agreement X will not practice on his accept cover in Ludhiana. At the end of one year, X left the assistantship of Y and began to practice on his own account. Referring to the provisions of The Indian Contract Act, 1872, decide whether X could be restrained from doing soAnswerAn agreement in restraint of trade / business / professional is void undersection 27 of the Indian contract act, 1872. provided an agreement of service by which a per son binds himself during the term of the agreement not to take service with anyone else directly or indirectly to promote any business in direct competition with that of his employer is not in restraint of trade. Therefore X can b restrained by an injuction from practicing on his own account in Ludhiana.Agreement expressly declared as void.Q4- Akhilesh entered into an agreement with Shekhar to deliver him (Shekhar) 5,000 bags to be manufactured in his factory. The bags could not be manufactured because of bruise by the effecters and Akhilesh failed to supply the said bags to Shekhar. Decide whether Akhilesh can be exempted fromliability under the provisions of The Indian Contract Act, 1872.AnswerDelivery of BagsAccording to fragment 56 of Indian Contract Act, 1872 when the performance of a Contract becomes impossible or unlawful subsequent to its formation, the contract becomes Void, this is termed as supervening impossibility (i.e. impossibility which does not exist at the time of making the contract, but which arises subsequently).But impossibility of performance is, as a rule, not an excuse from performance. It means that When a person has promised to do something, he must perform his promise unless the Performance becomes absolutely impossible. Whether a promise becomes absolutely Impossible depends upon the facts of each case.The performance does not become absolutely impossible on account of strikes, lockout and civil disturbances and the contract in such a case is not discharged unless otherwise agreed by the parties to the contract..In this case Mr. Akhilesh could not deliver the bags as promised because of strike by the workers. This difficulty in performance cannot be considered as impossible of performance attracting Section 56 and hence Mr. Akhilesh is liable to Mr. Shekhar for nonperformance of contract.Q5-Miss X, a film actress agreed to work exclusively for a period of 2 years, for a film ware company. However during the said period she ente rs into a contract for another film producer. Discuss the rights of the aggrieved film production company under The Indian Contract Act, 1872.AnswerWhere a party comments a breach of negative term of a contract i.e., where hedoes something which he promised not to do, the aggrieved party can go to coquette which may be issue an order restraining him from doing what he promised not to do. Such an order of the court is known as direction. Since Miss X has agreed to work exclusively for the film production company for a period of two years, the aggrieved film production company can go to court and get injunction order restraining Miss X working for another film production company.

Legal Studies

Thompson-Starr (B) Police Officer, excessive force, qualified immunity. Part One For many geezerhood legal philosophy officers have enjoyed the power of authority over the general public with the motto to protect and answer. If this is the human face, then let this become the yardstick that leave measure the conduct that police most earnestly proclaim. Police officers are held as the safeguard of the community. They are designed to protect the people from the criminal elements and serve as role models for those who need to understand law and order. simply when this breach occurs, when the police believe that they can do whatever they finalise without a cultivate of accountability, police brutality is birthed. The case of Solomon v. Auburn Hills Police Department is a prime example of unnecessary police involvement. This case is a result of instruction, misstateation, direction, and beguilement as to the physical presence of an adult to accompany children to a particular movi e in that theatre. To have two beefy police officers arrive to unthaw a dispute over a book purchase to me appears to have been a waste of valu able police work.N onetheless, the officers instructed Ms. Solomon to leave, which she refused believing that she had bought tickets in this theatre what was the rest of which show. The management make it clear that the children had to be accompanied and it was obvious that Ms. Solomon was not going to leave her minor children merely to go r-rated and could not leave the r-rated alone to go g-rated. Believing that she resolved it by just selecting one show, the security guards for some reason decided to evict her from the selected show because she did not purchase her ticket for the same movie.The police entered told Solomon she had to leave again she refused. Officer Miller decided to arrest her for trespassing and grabbed her arm. Solomon pushed the seat backed away from the officer who decided like a shot that she was getting arreste d on charges of assaulting a police officer. The police persuaded her to the lobby where the altercation continued with Officer Miller and Raskin grabbing Solomons arms and slamming her up against a debate and pushing her face into a display case.This scuffle left Ms. Solomon injured. Ms. Solomon was later taken to the hospital and diagnosed with having a comminuted fracture of her left elbow, several bruises, and was hospitalized because she needed operating theater for her fracture, scheduled a second surgery for later, and had to have physical therapy. Solomon later on a plea bargain pleaded guilty to trespass and attempted resisting arrest. The misadventure as a whole was over fightive, abusive, and dumb on both parties.The use of qualified immunity is designed to protect government officials from those who bring lawsuits against them because they did not agree with the discretionary matter in which the officials interpreted and enforced the law. The police use it to protect themselves if they exhibited excessive force they believed necessary to subdue a criminal. precisely the nature of the offense also has a bearing on how much force should be used. In this case the district beg used the Saucier rill to determine if Solomons constitutional rights violation was open and was the officers action reasonable by a reasonable objective officers standard.The dally also determined the severity of the crime, if the person is a flight risk, and did their action take place because the police feared for their own safety. Because all of this fell short, the courtyard affirmed the district courts denial for summary judgment. Of course I agree with the opinion of the district court. If the police are quick to react to any given situation knowing that they are placed in a position to make split second decision, if they are not subject of such reasoning then they should seek another line of work.Police authority comes with knowledge, protection, sound judgment, and containment. It would be unreasonable to believe that police cannot arrest anyone. But is unreasonable is when they take their jobs so seriously that they endanger others by their actions. Because of one womans refusal to leave the theatre over a movie ticket, she is arrested, injured, and plausibly humiliated in front of her children all on the over reaction of two police officers. Although I believe that Officer Raskin should have been party to this since he neither aided nor stopped either party from going any further.Ms. Solomons refusal also played a role in causing this casualty to spin out of control. She should have thought about her familys safety first. When security guards arrived and then the police, a bell should have gone off in her head telling her something more was going to happen besides disputing a theatre ticket. Calmly get up out of the seat, return to the lobby, and then punish to explain what happened and the rationale. If that failed then leave, the m ovie theatre made it such drama just to go to the right theatre and who could go where, to me it was not worth it.Thompson-Starr (D) relation back seeking to modify Miranda Rule The Miranda warning is what police must give when they arrest someone and place them into their custody. This warning must state the fact that what they recount may be held against them and that they have the right to remain silent, to get an lawyer, and to have a free attorney if they cannot afford one. When given right, any statement made by the defendant during custody cannot be used in a court of law.Mirandize has become synonymous with protection against abusive police and their powers and overzealous prosecutors attempt to get a speedy trial. When this rule became law, it was at a time when in that location was so much establishment protest and unrest that no one was definite on the governments position of trying to maintain civil obedience. Through it all, the Miranda Warning helped protect the i nnocent as well as the guilty, key pieces of evidence got tossed because people claim they were not instructed to remain silent or entitled to legal representation.The question of reliability of statements made in police custody cannot be caused by fear, bargaining, physical and mental abuse. The ruling had controversy in the late sixties that Congress decided to create a law that would overrule the irresponsible Courts decision. The case of Dickerson v. United States is an example of the Miranda controversy. Dickerson, indicted for bank robbery, conspiracy to commit bank robbery and other charges, revealed some information to the FBI, decided later that he did not want it used at his trial and sought to have it suppressed.Standing on the Miranda warning, Dickerson claimed his rights were not read and was grant motion to suppress. The district court agreed that no Miranda was given and believes there was a gray area under a statute which makes the statements permissible and rule d Dickersons statements as voluntary. Congress challenged the Miranda by becharming it as not a constitutional holding and that congress by statute had the give-up the ghost say on its admissibility. The case was reviewed by the independent Court. The court acknowledged that custodial police interrogations increased concerns about questionable onfessions, the interrogation process is cognise for mental deprivation from isolation and pressure. The court further noted that this method only effect those who are weak and cannot withstand any confinement. Constitutional guidelines had been established so that when statements are made they would not violate anyones constitutional rights under the Fifth Amendment. The court continues to explain the necessities of Miranda and the challenges that many judges have to properly interpret the question of coercion versus voluntary.The question of overruling Miranda was put before the court to rule and they determined it be a constitutional ru le that congress cannot interchange legislatively and therefore declined to overrule Miranda and reversed the court of appeals decision. From a liberal perspective, many civil liberties group would view this as a victory because the Supreme Court would not tamper with the Miranda ruling. The conservatives would challenge anything they believe affects the strength of the constitution. They believe that once a law has been established and based on constitutional findings, that no Johnny come lately law should easily reverse it.Thompson-Starr (E) Attorney compensation based on disaster fee arrangement A contingency fee is a payment to a lawyer of a percentage of the proceeds his client won in a case. The lawyer would capture nonentity if his client does not recover anything. Clients have the right to discharge their attorneys without giving a reason but can be challenged as in the case of Joy Salmon v. Virginia Atkinson. This case covers the discharged attorneys suing under quantum meruit retrieval for legal work that they performed while still retained by the client.Quantum meruit, as explained by the Illinois Supreme Court, is based on the implied promise of a recipient of services to pay for the services which are of value to him. The recipient would be unjustly enriched if he were able to retain the services without paying for them. It appears after reading this case, that the appellant cute to use the appellees to do her legal research and not pay for it. First, she enters into a edit that states she would give the attorneys fifty percent of any recovery awarded plus costs and expenses. This is making the attorneys profit from this lawsuit more than the client.Secondly, after the appellees had drawn up a petition for the appellant to file, the appellate now wanted to think about filing the claim that she originally implement through the attorneys. Then it took her several weeks to decide that she no longer needed their services even though she took the petition with her. To avoid further verbal communication with them, appellant discharges them by a letter. The attorneys notified their ex-client to inform her that she ended an agreement or contract and they are entitled to work do, especially after finding out that the appellant filed her claim pro se.The attorneys took the ex-client to court and the circuit court ruled in favor of the appellees. The appellant filed a motion of judgment notwithstanding the verdict, arguing that because the contingent fee contract contract that no fee can be recovered if there is not any recovery. The appellant continued filing motions hoping that one would be granted. Then appellant finally filed an appeal. On the appeal, appellant argued that appellees should not have been able to collect a quantum meruit fee because there was no recovery and this was written in the contract.The court then oscillated with the California rule versus the New York rule. Under the California rule, attorneys that a re discharged are barred from receiving any recovery if the client did not receive any. Under the New York rule, discharged attorneys recovery is not tied into the clients recovery and therefore can receive compensation for work done prior to their termination. The Supreme Court of Arkansas citing Illinoiss Supreme Court held that the claimants recovery should not be linked to a contingency contract, but on quantum meruit, getting what their rightfully deserve.Why shouldnt the attorneys receive what they rightfully worked on? They did not request to still consider the fifty percent, cost, and expenses. All they wanted was money for the time, research, and hard work they put together to provide a petition that they later presented to the client who ended up taking it with her and stalling them by saying she had to think about a procedure that she initiated over her deceased common law spouses estate.If a client would walk into an attorneys office and hire him to do all the legal rese arch and writing of necessary documents, then later decides they no longer requires their services, I would view as a deceptive means of gaining legal help without paying for it. It is not morally right and now there is a law that shows that there is a remedy if this happens by unscrupulous people. The court in this case did not touch on the right to discharge the attorney, what they focused on was the recovery for work performed.

Dbq the Renaissance

The Renaissance was primarily thought of as being a period in which the revival of eruditeness flourished, and the arts changed for the better and ideas became more focused life on earth. It was a time when natural ideas of individualism, the thought of secularism and the interest in human ideas jumpstarted a radical and freer lifestyle for everyone. The new ideas formed in the renaissance made enough impact on the world them and ever since that it deserves to be called its own era. The medieval clock was filled with ideas based just around the church.As the Renaissance began, the arts developed into a freer and move creative society based on more classic and Roman ideas. Finding the feudal and ecclesiastical literature and Gothic art of the center of attention Ages uncongenial to their taste, they turned for uptake to the civilization of Roman and Greek antiquity. (Document 1) This shows how the assessment of the Renaissance where done with all the ideas that dominated the w orld through break the Middle Ages. The Renaissance artists wanted art that showed human beauty where as in the Middle ages art was very gothic and based in worship.Renaissance art is more lifelike than in the art of the Middle Ages, which was very blocky. They went to the Greek and Romans for all kinds of inspiration for example art. Based on the information given in Introduction to Classical, medieval and Renaissance Art the styles of the classic period and Renaissance and Classical Periods carry on many similar Characteristics but almost nothing in common with the Medieval period. In the Middles Ages arts main purpose was to teach those about religion who could not read or write. As the Renaissance started the ideas moved to show the importance of people and personality.This is a clear transfigure that helped define the difference mingled with the two period and it will help support many of the other reasons as well. Along with the arts skill increase exponential. One of be st shipway to show an increase in learning is the amount of colleges in a country. Based on the circumstances given in document 8 it is clear to decide the large increase of schools in the height of the Renaissance. In the mid to late 15th century when the world was in the height of the Renaissance 31 new Universitys were founded compared to 10 in the 12-13 century in all of Europe besides Italy who entered the Renaissance early.This is clear fact proving that Europe was in a shift to a society not only based on the Church but in schools and learning. Leonardo da Vinci helped illustrate some of the ideas that where new and solely unheard of before the Renaissance. In Document 6 he showed the study of human anatomy. This is new because in the Middle ages the study of human beings and things on our artificial satellite where very limited. Majority of learning was done in the Church with relation only to the Church. In 1596 Johannes Kepler the author the Document 7 made observation s on orbits and geometric considerations.Using science to conjure up ideas is new to the world and would be frowned upon by the church in medieval times. Art and Learning are two major agreements for the fact that the Renaissance was its own period and helped shape the world, as we know it. There was one point that applied to both art and learning that completely determine the Renaissance apart from the medieval times. Which was the study of secularism. it is in the true order that mortal men should first care for mortal things W. H, Draper (document 4) What he is saying compete apart in all major parts that have been mentioned.For example art the Renaissance was known for its painting and sculpture with interest in nature and real people going real tasks. This is very different from the medieval times where it was based on the church and what they wanted to show. Also in the learning of the period ideas of Human Anatomy started to emerge as well as geometry and orbits (document s 6/7). With the Renaissance coming back to the real world it marked a change in history. All aspects of life have changed thanks to the ideas that started in this time period.As well as some of the greatest artist and philosophers to ever live. The ideas that came out in the Renaissance where Cleary enough to call its own period in time. The revival of learning flourished, the arts and ideas became more focused life on earth. though exact start and end dates are not clear everyone should be able to comprehend the importance of this Renaissance and say that it the information provided is enough to prove that The Renaissance period has a place in history which is completely different then the Medieval times.

Impact of the Recession on Construction Contractors Essay

The current crisis in the worlds financial system has left the face indus act facing its toughest challenges for a generation. Salaries ar falling job cuts are predicted to reach 400,000 in England alone and the impacts look set to get much worse before they get better.No earth is immune from the impact of this and the UK, and much of the rest of the world, is already in, or about to enter a recession. Even buoyant construction markets such as the united Arab Emirates (UAE) are starting to feel the effect, with construction growth rate expected to slow from 20% to 15% in 2009 (Al Mal Capital). The United Nations (UN) predicts world sparing take get out shrink by as much as 0.4% in 2009 (UNs World Economic Situation and Prospects Report, 2009).These are serious times, however, the industry ask to be prepared to contribute to the rec everywherey by retraining workers, maintaining the highest of standards of quality and supporting innovation. Construction overlords must not lo se sight of their commitment to issues of sustainability, health and safety, ethical concern practices and improved building standards. These exit future-proof the industry and allow it to grow after the economy recovers.Companies seeking to find an extra edge in an increasingly competitive marketplace are presumable to employ greater innovation as they look to become much efficient. This could have far hit benefits for the industry in the future, where innovation has never been more vital.Construction Output It is clear that construction is in for a period of deflation. Forecasts imply that there get out be a 7% decline in output over the next three years, however, this figure is heavily contingent on Government spending coming through as planned (Construction Products Association).In the second quarter of 2008 new order figures were at their lowest level since 2004 14% below the modal(a) last year. Housing orders were down 30%, private industrial orders by 36% and commer cial orders by more than 1bn from 2007 (Construction Products Association).A rapid decline in private work has been partly propped up by more public sphere spending, however the outlook for the private field over the next few quarters is set to get worse. The Olympics will prop up the industry to a certain extent but the cessation of office development will have a much greater effect.Overall, even if all public sector funding was spent next year, the construction industry in 2009 would let off see the largest percentage of fall in output since the early nineties, when over 500,000 left the industry. This has been brought about by the sharp fall in private sector investment in construction offices, retail, entertainment, as well as private house building.Public Sector Spending The Governments decision to induce forward 3bn of capital spending on infrastructure was cautiously welcomed by the construction industry (Pre-budget statement, November 2008).Given the extremely high leve ls of borrowing that the Treasury is expecting over the next few years, there is a risk that Government will fund later debt repayments with cuts in capital spending on construction merely down the track.There is also a risk that delays in the Governments existing build programmes will lead to incr reliefd under-spend. Programmes such as the Building Schools for the Future Programme have already fallen behind schedule, and reports suggest that this is as a result of bureaucracy rather than lack of funding. business Finance and Loss of Confidence According to the Confederation of British Industry (CBI), more than half of British firms have seen a decline in the ease of access to capital since the onset of the credit crunch 30% of businesses have been, or expect to be refused new credit and 78% expect business conditions to be worse next year.The Government must urgently take steps to unblock the financial markets and improve the flow of capital to business.The fiscal palliation meas ures that were recently announced by the Chancellor (Pre-budget statement, November 2008) were not sufficient to address the underlying loss of confidence facing all UK businesses (and people).More innovative ship canal could be investigated by Government to help the industry survive, such as providing credit insurance relaxing bonding requirements on public projects setting up project bank accounts and providing tax breaks/concessions for sustainable construction R&D. At present, the latter has effectively ground to a halt largely as a result of the deeply entrenched uncertainty that abound.Jobs & Loss of Skills Al close 400,000 jobs in the construction sector in England could be lost over the next dickens years (assuming GDP shrinks by 2.2% in 2009 and rises by 0.75% in 2010). It is predicted that the worst affected area will be London, where 23% of workers are expected to be made redundant (Public and Corporate Economic Consultants for the Local Government Association).On the ot her hand, Eastern Europeans are responding to the down roll in the market by move home, and this has eased the severity of the job situation in many instances.Given the forecasts for construction output in 2009, it could be assumed that jobs in the public sector may offer more security than those in the private sector. This reinforces the need for Government to establish how an accelerated public spending package will be implemented. It is essential that the government makes sure timetables dont slip, and that it does what it can to speed up deal flows and bidding times.Through no fault of its own, the Construction Industry, in particular the house-building Industry, is having to dramatically re-structure and down-size merely to survive. The loss of technical resource and therefore expertise has been considerable and there are already signs that an upturn in the fortunes of the UK economy will not see these people return.This is a real concern, specially as the science and technol ogy that underpins UK sustainable construction is becoming even more composite and at a time when we need experienced people if we are to meet our sustainability objectives. Furthermore, it is not something that can be addressed overnight by short training and/or education.Procurement It has been reported that the credit crunch is likely to reverse the industrys trend towards negotiated contracts and partnering. Instead, there could be a traverse back towards single-stage, lowest bid tenders aimed at achieving the lowest possible outturn cost.While single-stage tendering may be seen as a quick fix during the economic downturn, this does not take the long-term view, nor adequately consider surmount value for coin. It does however provide a more risky financial environment which is likely to become a fertile breading ground for claims and liquidations as contractors cut their profits to secure work in a decreasing market.Partnering has proved itself as the most efficient way of u ndertaking all kinds of construction work including new buildings and infrastructure, alterations, refurbishment and maintenance. Indeed the figures show that that in the four years from 2001 to 2005, 700m of public money was saved, and the potential for two and a half billion in savings, would have been feasible had best practice been adopted across the board.When times are hard, best practice is at its most crucial to successful business.Fraud An unexpected knock-on effect of the credit crunch has been a dramatic rise in cosmopolitan construction fraud. Evidence suggests that the average construction companys loss to fraud has increased by 69% in the last year (Kroll spheric Fraud Report), driven largely by tough economic conditions.A total of 890 senior executives participated in the worldwide survey, which covered 10 industries, with just over one-quarter based in Europe. More than 95% of the construction companies surveyed give tongue to they had suffered from corporate frau d in the past three years up by 77% from last years survey.Most frequent types of fraud occurring in the construction industry include theft of physical assets or stock, financial mischarge, management conflict of interest, and corruption and bribery.Companies will need to be even more vigilant than usual to reduce fraud in the construction industry.Sustainability Opinion is divided up about the impact of the credit crunch on the sustainability agenda.A recent survey from the UK Green Building Council (UK GBC) suggests that while the conventional building industry suffers, the sustainable building sector is experiencing growth. Asked whether the financial crisis has impacted on their organisation in tackling sustainability, 56% of UK GBC members said sustainability had become a bigger focus. Only 18% said the credit crunch has had an adverse effect on efforts to address sustainability.On the other hand, a survey of small-medium sized contractors suggests that tough government targ ets on sustainable construction are being missed, as buildings fail to achieve the standards set by the Code for Sustainable Homes (National Federation of Builders). The survey revealed that contractors appeared to be quite intimate about the driving issues and regulations for sustainability, but in over half (53%) of projects tendered for, sustainability was not a client requirement.Either way, it is important that new buildings, not least those procured by government, are of the highest possible environmental standards. Green building can be at the heart of a low-carbon economic recovery, boosting growth and creating green collar jobs. This is particularly true in existing homes and buildings, where we need a massive programme of refurbishment to cut carbon, reduce energy bills and produce more comfortable places to proceed and work.By continuing to build using sustainable technologies the built environment will be preserved for future generations, and a proven record in sustain able design will be invaluable in gaining new contracts in the growing sustainable market.Education and Training The future success of the construction industry depends on the availability of skilled professionals.The credit crisis poses a significant threat to the good turn of students enrolling in graduate construction courses. Students may be disquieted about pursuing a career in construction in this unstable climate. This would result in a loss of specialist skills, which in turn would hinder the recovery and future development of the industry.Sandwich courses could be at particular risk because of the lack of available placements available. Many companies are reducing the number of placements they have for students or not taking on any at all. This could result in a reduction in the number of places available on the courses because they can not guarantee work experience placements.Apprenticeships in the UK house-building industry have also suffered as a direct result of the c redit crunch. However, opportunities save exist in the bigger public sector infrastructure projects such as schools, hospitals, railways and roads.As a result of these risks the Government is working with Construction Skills to try and secure as many positions as possible for students. A new taskforce is being created to ensure that construction training is as effective as possible, and apprenticeship funding will also be increased to over 1 billion to try and prevent skill shortages (Department for innovation, Universities & Skills).For professionals already within the industry, there is research to suggest that individuals with specialist skills or training could potentially gain a competitive advantage in the current economic climate (Chartered Institute of Management). The research predicts that professional qualifications could result in an additional 152,000 in lifetime earnings. It also suggests that a working knowledge of sustainable building and other innovative methods wi ll be a particular advantage, with major projects on the horizon requiring an extensive skilled workforce in these areas.It is important for employers to train and encourage further development if they take to secure the future of the construction industry. This will ensure that their workforce is properly trained in up-to-date techniques and will put them in a stronger and more competitive position to win new contracts when market conditions improve. Although it may be inevitable for some to make financial cuts to survive, it is crucial to maintain a uniform number of new innovative minds that will allow the industry to recovery and continue to grow.

Methods and Challenges in Data Collection

1. FOREWARD Authors as Adams, Khan, Hafiz and Raeside (1), suggest some mode for info gathering, basing on the situation, warning from possible threats to the validity and reliability of entropy collected. Whatever the method of selective information collection chosen ( musings, experimentation, survey, interviews, diary method, case study, entropy storage, triangulation), there are several hypothesis that need to be considered since the beginning (1) the challenges born from the disposition of the research and level of detail the researcher want to reach, then by time and bud sound available, so careful consideration and planning of data collection is required.There are some common principles, for examples try to eliminate as a lot as possible human phantasms, analyze all useful data alternatively of the only one which seems to fit in the theory, run multiple tests to check eventual errors. Collecting data is crucial in many different scope of business interest, e. g. from concurrency evaluation to create a model for the estimation of pipe price, before to meet the supplier for the final negotiation.For example, first strategy adopted from command and proposal department, for the evaluation of piping price impact, is to evaluate raw material steel price and add a certain contribution which consider summate cost of ownership. Second strategy stooge consider different elements which compose final price, starting from source of data instead of estimate a percentage only. This is one of the key elements Bebell, ODwyer, Russel and Hoffmann (2) studied the importance of technology in the last past years to help researcher to evaluate and confute data availability and validity, for example triangulating the same data.In any case, valued methods doesnt contextualizes in the situation, considering for example the market situation, the human ability to concretize business relationship, 2. CHALLENGES 3. 1 fount of data World is full of data and opinion, the advent of technology and internet allow to many users all over the world to take on access to the clear for those who have access, source of millions of articles, opinion, paper, studies, According to Bebell, ODwyer, Russel and Hoffmann (2) the use of laptop and nternet by learners and scholars, in both cases resolvinged that about 50% or more use technology to make first research and to deliver instruction. The central IT organization in a statistical agency has a very important role in Web-based data collection, since data collection system has both very broad component an electronic questionnaire, and everything else associated with moving that electronic questionnaire to and from a respondent, including systems and security considerations (3).Since the best result is get if the questionnaire, interview, survey, is focused as much as possible to the argument of research and to participant that well see the argument, source(s) of data, have to be identified since the b eginning, perchance during the data collection planning stage. Doing this, the researcher optimizes his / her time, stay offing to source data time per time is need. Researcher has to deflect interpretation and misunderstanding in the question, in narrate to get invalid receipts.This imply that for example, the questionnaires received, if duly filled, may not be very useful because dont meet the requirements, former(a)wise, target of the research cannot be reached. Infact rate of response can results too low so unacceptable, and potentially people can decide to not respond since they dont know about the question. Initial investment of the time to plan the job, avoid creating questionnaires inefficient to the researcher. When we face to questionnaires which dont know whats talking about, the first chemical reaction is to leave it blanks or give confused answers.For these reasons, random sampling techniques, stratified random sampling techniques integrating with pre-test, are cruc ial in order to avoid eventual fairness, big enemy of the study, even if the researcher has to consider that a pre-test may sensitize or polarize the persons behavior and consequently, cleanse performance on the post-test. Some methods for avoiding this issues, will be analyzed in the next chapter strategies 3. 2 Characteristics of collected data The target of the researcher is to get the data as objective as possible and the best response rate, not only in terms of numbers but as much typical as possible (2).It convey that collects objective data, makes it stronger and unassailable the research, and open to any new research or alternative solutions. Some examples of objective criteria could be * grocery store value * Scientific findings * Efficiency of the model * Professional standards defined * Equal treatment * Tradition * Legal (court) * Reasonableness Collecting the right data, allows the researcher to get representative answers which help to find a solution to the problem that he / she places, otherwise the study can be compromise since the beginning, or can ingest the researcher to solution not representative of reality.For example, company can decide to capture data of saving from a certain database characterized by having certain accuracy, i. e. two decimal places at the end of abstract, the researcher have to know that the result is affected by a certain error value. Infact, even if minimal error is occasionally acceptable, in some cases can lead to unacceptable inaccuracy or even to the failure of the project. For this, determine the level of tolerated error is need during the collection of quantitative data. Techniques and devices for the quantitative collection have to be characterized by a certain tolerable range of error. 3. 3 entropy collectionTwo main different categories can be considered primary (data not available by previous research, ) and secondary (data are available elsewhere). In both cases, when were collect quantitative dat a, it is often allure to record and use only which results that correspond to priori test, experiments or theory, especially when the expected results are so different from the ones got. However, could happen that especially these unexpected data shown problems with the data-based procedures, so these values should not be ignored. Last but not least, assertiveness of the researcher avoid to influence the questionnaire or data search.For example, supplier A has quoted 100 and supplier B = 70, C = 72, D = 68 for the same identical piece of ground. Technical evaluation has been done for all it means that, the same package has more or less 40% of difference in price compared than A. It may seems an anomaly, in most of the cases that is since one supplier is trying to getting much money, but a careful analysis can lead to evaluate that B and C quoted very low at the beginning, in order to get the PO, foreseeing to recover later on adding some parts, reaching or going over price of A. 3 . 4 Cost and timeData collection process can requires observation of the research phenomenon, over than time for collection, surveys, This particularly happen in the longitudinal studies, where data have to be analyzed at different time. Nevertheless, changes can pass away in the subjects during the observation period, so they can be influenced. Cost can limit the data acquisition phase, limiting the collection and right type of data need to conduct the research. As the size increases, variability decreases. Moreover instrumentation with right accuracy, basing on the accuracy target level of the research, can be a limit for the research. . STRATEGIES TO OVERCOME 4. 5 Maintain original data Reliability and validity can be proved, without manipulation, and maintain the opportunity eventually to examine again, reinforcing the conclusions. It means that, since the best and quick results are gain through computer, memory disk should be necessary to store the data. Other reason is that longer is a study, extravagantly is the possibility that historical data are necessary since the time tends to change the conditions. Moreover, pre-test need, when done, need to be stored. 4. 6 Pre-testThey can influence the subjects, so post-test different from pre-test can avoid this effect. Multiple independent trials minimize error when collecting quantitative data, asking to distinct group to run the test or experiments aimed at collecting specific quantitative data. These 2 groups can compare the results, which should be the same. 4. 7 Clear and easy data blank document In order to avoid low rate of response, it has to be easy to use and clear, in English language or the language of the subjects, allowing the participants to give informative and accurate.Over this, the blank is to be aboveboard and quickly to be filled, otherwise participants can be discouraged. 4. 8 Double check source and people for data collection When data collection is delegated to other people or reli es to the use of internet, the collection is by other people. For example, company which get information through surveys under payment, its a very high quality and quantity way to complete surveys, but need to be analyzed whose responder are really working on the answer or are interested to get the reward only.Temptation to manipulate data to enhance results is common when happens, the validity of the research becomes doubt. For sure most of the times mistakes are unwanted, and the response need to be identified. One way to solve this problem should be solved using technology (2). For instance, software can help to create an average, break and evaluate which are completely out of average and why, since they could be representative of the survey or due to the low knowledge of the responders, collect all the evaluable data finding eventual correlation between the variables.In conclusion, find the middle way in optimizing the additional cost and reduction of time thanks to technology, is a concrete challenge for the researcher which would share his / her research to others, since research designed to solve problems in medium long terms, rather than short terms, is increasingly required in todays business environment. REFERENCES 1) Adams, John Khan, Hafiz T A Raeside, Robert (2007) Research Methods for Graduate Business and Social Science Students.Sage India 2) Damian Bebell, Laura M. ODwyer, Michael Russell, Tom Hoffmann 2010 Concerns, Considerations, and New Ideas for Data Collection and Research in Educational Technology Studies 3) Richard W. Swartz and Charles Hancock 2002 Data collection through web-based Technology 4) Reetta Raitoharju1, Eeva Heiro2, Ranjan Kini3, and Martin DCruz 2009 Challenges of multicultural data collection and analysis experiences from the health information system research

Explain what is SWOT

McDonalds possesses good market share. It has the largest fast nutriment market shares in the world with outlets from over cytosine different countries. Heavily Invested In advertising, McDonalds spends almost $2 billion In advertisements yearly. Customers are aware of McDonalds in vogue(p) promotion and products from TV commercial, leaflets and signboards. In addition, McDonalds has a superior reputation. Its brand recognition is valued at $40 billion.Every age group has heard of and knows about McDonalds. Further more than, it is highly owned by independent franchise. More than 80% of McDonalds restaurants are operated by franchise, allowing the restaurants to improve their service systems. Lastly, McDonalds targets at children by serving a vast assortment of kids meals which are complimented with different popular toys. Many restaurants also have a segmented play cranial orbit for children. 2. 2 Weakness Howard Crawford (May 201 3) has also shared the following weaknesses of McDonalds restaurants.Unhealthy food menu Is a weakness as McDonalds main menu is burgers, fries and coke. McDonalds Is said to disrupt the take habit of people especially the youngsters. another(prenominal) weakness of McDonalds its negative publicity as it has always received negative remarks for its workers bad service, creating environmental problems much(prenominal) as using environmentally unfriendly materials for its packaging and infringing animal rights. For example, using chickens from chicken farms whose reputation on treating their animals is questionable.Low differentiation is yet another weakness. Other brands of fast food restaurants such as Burger King and Wends make about the same type of menu as McDonalds. 2. 3 Opportunity Howard Crawford (May 201 3) commented that McDonalds has tried to expand Its customers miserly by entering Into new and popular products. MacAfee offers premium coffees, smoothies and cakes to attract more customers and to retain its existin g New, healthier food items have been incorporated into McDonalds menu in a bid to attract more consumers.Corn cups, orchard apple tree dippers and apple Juice have been introduced as a healthier alternative to the unhealthy fries and brushed drinks. In the future, McDonalds can consider serving baked potatoes, cherry tomatoes or even whole meal biscuit for the healthy-conscious consumers. McDonalds can consider expansion into foreign markets. Although McDonalds is the world largest fast food restaurant, some countries wish Vietnam, Jamaica and Yemen yet do not have McDonalds in their countries. It can also consider expanding the area of its spot meal delivery service.Most area n Singapore has McDonalds delivery service but countries like UK still does not have a delivery service. 2. 4 Threats Increasing societal focuses on healthy eating may be a threat to McDonalds (Howard Crawford, May 2013) as more people increasing more health conscious of eating healthy food which could i n turn, reduce the demand for fast food. enemy pressure in developed countries is another threat. There are already many fast food restaurants like Burger King & Wendy in developed countries. It is very difficult for McDonald to achieve large financial emersion in this overcrowded market.

Chef’s Toolkit

Case 2 Chefs Toolkit Case Anaylsis De? ne the Issues Chefs Toolkit has listless all of their ? nancial resources trying to develop their professional personduct. The owner, Peter Jeffery, is pursuance external enthronisation to fund the launch of his product, and the potential investor, Dale Reid, has asked for communicate ? nancial statements for the participations pessimistic, expected, and pollyannaish projected gross sales for the ? rst year of operation ending July 30, 1995. Analyzing the Case Data Fragmented information was given in the case, along with a balance sheet and a production schedule for the expected sales of 10,000 units.There was no statement of cash ? ows, income statement or any information ab disclose their cash account or their accounts payable account. Generating Alternatives Dale Reid could choose to either invest $85,000 for 50% of the company, choose to invest more or little for a negotiated percentage of the company, or not invest in Chefs Toolki t. The pessimistic projected sales is 5,000 units per month, doing 60,000 units in the year. The expected amount of sales is 10,000 units, summing to 120,000 units per year.The optimistic projected sales is 30,000 units per month resulting in a total of 360,000 units sold in the year. In the optimistic option, a double mold is needed since the total required production exceeds the maximum amount for the iodine mold. Selecting Decision Criteria Low redundant investment uplifted revenues with low expenses Return on Investment Break Even abridgment Analyzing and evaluating alternatives Break Even = Revenues Expenses = 0 Single casting = x(1. 82) x(1. 215) x(0. 162) 63,975 63,975 = x(0. 43) 144,413 = Break even units/year Single Mold (pessimistic and expected) = 12,035 units/month Double Mold = x(1. 82) x(1. 215+0. 865)/2 x(0. 144+0. 062)/2 125,975 125,975 = x(0. 677) 186,078 = Break even units/year Double Mold (optimistic) = 15,507 units/month Chefs Toolkit Case Analy sis 1 Case 2 Chefs Toolkit Case Analysis ROI = (Cash in? ow-Cost of investment)/Cost of investment negative (-41,711-54,894)/54,894 = 176% Expected (-4,791-36,724)/36724 = -113% Optimistic (194,983. 20-6,046. 70)/6,046. 70 = 3125%Both the pessimistic and expected sales forecasting show that with an investment well under the proposed $85,000 is required, a negative return of investment is expected. Also, according to break-even analysis operating with the single mold and excluding warehousing costs, a minimum of 12,035 units must be sold to break even. Under a similar situation with the double mold, 15,507 units must be sold to break even, which is about half of the optimistic sales projection. Also under the optimistic sales projection, a positive return on investment is expected.Because the company is turning pro? t,less additional investment is required. Additionally under the pessimistic and expected situation, the company turns losses, and under the optimistic projections, Ch efs Toolkit only has a net income of 13% of its revenues. Selecting Preferred alternative check to the above information and the projected pro-forma statements, Dale Reid should not invest his money in the company. The companys pretermit of current assets, high expenses and low per-unit revenue create an unfortunate and unpro? able investment in pessimistic and expected situations. Only in the optimistic production and sales does the company begin to turn pro? t, but this pro? t is low. Chefs Toolkit needs desperate restructuring and additional revenue sources before Dale Reid should invest. growing and Implementing the Plan To reduce production costs, Chefs Toolkit should look into ? nding less expensive producers and packagers. They should also look into additional revenue streams or ? nding a way to retail their product directly to the customer to take out the middleman.This would increase their revenue per unit signi? cantly. Chefs Toolkit can explore online retailing since they essentially dont have any sort of bricks-and-mortar store front, so it would ? ow with their current business model. Also, if they aim to look at 13,500 units per month, they get out turn pro? ts (see break-even analysis-single mold) and not require a double mold since they will produce and sell a total of 162,000 units (the max for the single mold) within the ? rst year.However, presently Peter Jeffery and his wife have exhausted all of the companys assets as well as substantial amount of their personal assets. The bump in their current situation is high and they need immediate revenue to start recouping their research and development costs. They also need money to even start producing the product so that they can sell it. This should be brought up in their discussion with Dale Reid, and hopefully Peter can persuade him to invest despite the unornamented pro-forma ? nancials. Chefs Toolkit Case Analysis 2

Media Analysis- Macbeth

Macbeth is that it can be performed, not precisely read. This version of the film has done exceptionally well in terms of the performance. This film, directed by Rupert aureate is set in the 20th century as opposed to its original setting which took place in Scotland during the 1 lath century. This allows it to be more modernized by the use of hospital tools, elevators and everyday appliances which results in the mean audience to connect with the film and truly grasp the concept of It. This film was very effective as It acted as an Incredible visual aid to the confusing Shakespeargon language.Furthermore, It was very effective In conveying the ancestor of fashion versus human beings In act two, scene three through the use of film techniques such(prenominal)(prenominal) as camera work and placement, the paw and lastly, the acting of both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. It Is due to the films effective use as a medium that the audience Is able to feel the same emotions that Shakespe are wanted to evoke. While observation a movie, no one thinks about the camera work or the positioning when in fact, these are the two major factors that make the film effective as a whole.The camera work and the positioning help convey the theme of appearance vs Laity in Macbeth by using medium unsettled and close shot. For instance, when Macadam goes to Dunces room, Macbeth waits outside for him while Lennox talks to him about the chaotic night. When Lennox talks to him, the camera turns to her from Machetes perspective. However, when Macbeth talks to Lennox, the camera does not show the audience how he looks to Lennox from her perspective rather they near show him twist sideways to talk to her. This plays a utilization in appearance vs Laity because Macbeth appears to be calm when talk to Lennox however she cannot tell if it is otherwise because the position of the camera sakes it seem want she does not see his pillow slip as he talks to her. Although he appears to be ca lm, the camera takes a medium shot and consequently a close shot of Macbeth while he is waiting for MacDougal discover Dunces body and this shows that in reality he is terrified. The record has lots of effective dialogue however the only dialogue that is successful in conveying the theme of appearance vs Laity is of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. As Macadam discovers Dunces body and wakes everybody, Lady Macbeth comes runnel and says Whats the business, that such a hideous trumpet calls to parley the sleepers of the house? Speak, Speak (Shakespeare 44). From this line that Lady Macbeth says, it appears as If she Is genuinely concerned and confused about what Is going on when in reality, she Is the one who planned the kill. Macbeth similarly has a line that displays this theme In particular.After Macbeth returns from Dunces room, he goes on to say, Had I however died an hour ahead this chance, I had lived a blessed time, for from this Instant theres nothing serious In mortality (S hakespeare 44). In this line, Macbeth talks about how there Is nothing to live for now that the king Is dead and as he says that, It sounds as If he Is truly filled tit remorse when in reality, he is the one that murdered Duncan. Therefore. The script definitely has a big role when carrying out a theme not only that but also the people who are saying the dialogue as well.Acting is one of the greatest factors that contribute to depict the theme of appearance vs Reality in this film, act and scene. Macbeth display anything besides their actual emotions. For example, when Macbeth hears about Dunces murder from Macadam, there seems to be nothing but pure confusion on his face. This is incredible acting as he is completely aware of the death before anyone is and acts as this is the first time he is conclusion out. Also, as soon as Macbeth returns from Dunces room, his face seems pale.Although he has already seen the body, he acts like hes never seen anything like it before, keeps a str aight face on and shows the utmost sorrow for the kings death. Much like his acting, when Lady Macbeth hears the qui vive that Macadam sets off, she runs in showing extreme concern on her face and in her exclaimed voice and smack says, Woe, alas (Shakespeare 44). She claims this is a horrible thing yet she is the person merchant ship the murder. Acting is not special to Just emotions or expressions but it also has a physical aspect of it. Lady Macbeth is able to take in that aspect out when she uses her whole body and pretends to fall.Even though she is capable of holding herself up, she pretends to fall in disposition to distract everyone from Macbeth after he says that he killed the guards. If anyone were to watch this scene alone without any knowledge of the annoyance side of Lady Macbeth or Macbeth, they may not be able to tell recognize that behind the genius acting of them both, lays a guilty soul and therefore introduces the theme of appearance vs Reality. The 180 tr ansactions that this film runs for, cash is able to bring out a major theme in Just 10 minutes that is scene 3.There are many other techniques in the direction of this play such as the continuous dark lighting to represent sorrow and the evil that surrounds them, cutaway shots when Dunces murder is inform to follow the action and the establishing or master shot to show overall view of a positioning and all the actors in a scene. All these techniques help enhance the other factors that play a role in carrying out the theme of appearance vs Reality such as camera work, positioning of the camera, the script ND dialogue and finally, the acting.Lady Macbeth and Macbeth continually display the theme of appearance vs Reality as they act unbiased when they are the people behind the planning and the committing of the murder. Most lines were present in the duration of this scene. Only nearly cuts in lines were noticed in the porters part probably due to the annoying nature of the charact er. As Gold directs this play while changing some things, the dramatic purpose, which is to advance plot and develop character, and the theme of appearance vs Reality are still conveyed in the same way Shakespeare would have imagined.

Hamlets Delay Essay

In William Shakespeares village, the character village aspires to pop out his uncle and, in doing so, visit his father. During be active I, guess V, Hamlets father comes to him as a ghost. The ghost explains that Claudius, Hamlets uncle, murdered him in set to become major power of Denmark and marry Hamlets mother, the Queen of Denmark. The ghost of Hamlets father then asks Hamlet to eradicate Claudius and identify his mother feel guilty for allowing his murder to happen. However, Hamlet delays his achievement of this goal for reasons that are non direct confronted in the play.There are many theories on the matter of why Hamlet continuously waits to strike back his fathers murder. Of these theories, the most plausible is that Hamlet simply spends too much judgment of conviction persuasion slightly how he will act rather than actually taking action. Hamlet takes an oath at the end of behave I saying thy commandment all alone shall live within the book and volume of my wittiness meaning that all he will gauge about is what the ghost has told him to do. The problem is that, while Hamlet does constantly think about what the ghost said, he does not do a lot about it.One thing Hamlet does do is try to confirm that what the ghost said is true. In Act II, Scene II, Hamlet uses a play called The Murder of Gonzago to make Claudius look guilty or, as Hamlet says, The plays the thing, wherein Ill catch the conscience of the King. Hamlet does this by writing a short speech for the set out of the play. The speech is a complete recollection of how the ghost described his murder to Hamlet. Everything goes as planned and Claudius outwardly shows his guilt. Now Hamlet has all the evidence he needs to kill his uncle.However, Hamlet still does not take action in Act one-third scarce rather he thinks even more. The variation is that this time he is not trying to form a plan against his uncle but is contemplating life in general. Whether tis nobler in the min d to suffer the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, or to take arms against a sea of troubles. And by opposing end them. Hamlet proclaims while wondering if death would be better than dealing with his problems. At this part in the play, Hamlet acts as if he has given up on planning to kill Claudius. In Act IV, Scene IV Hamlet reacquaints himself ith the goal of killing his Uncle.Hamlet meets with a messenger from Fortinbras, the prince of Norway, who says that the Norwegian army is going to attack Poland for no reason other than retaining honour. Hamlet is taken punt by the lack of motivation for action and is ashamed because he has a lot of motivation to kill Claudius but still has not taken action. At the end of Scene IV hamlet says O, from this time forth, my themes be bloody, or be nothing worth The implications of this sentence are that Hamlet had not thought about killing his Uncle very seriously in previous Acts.In the scenes following Act IV Scene IV, Hamlet become s more impulsive and acts without thinking more often than he used to and this leads to the consummation of his goals. One may argue that there are more plausible explanations than Hamlet over thinking everything. One argument could be that Hamlet was being deterred by things such as the Kings guards or by other outside forces. If this was the case then Claudius would not have been able to kill the previous King so easily. Also, the only time guards are mentioned in the play are when they are outside guarding the walls rather than being personal guards for the King at all times.We can see this in Act III Scene III when Claudius is praying. If he had guards they would be somewhere close by most likely at the door to whatever room Claudius was praying in. However, Hamlet was able to not only enter the room but be in a position where he would be able to kill Claudius if he had chosen to. Hamlet then leaves the room and, during all of this, not once are guards mentioned or heard from. other part of this theory states that Hamlet was waiting to have more proof before he acted against Claudius.This is why Hamlet puts together the ruse to make his Uncle look guilty in Act II Scene II but, even after he has proved Claudiuss guilt, Hamlet neglects taking action. Instead, he continues to adapt what Claudius tells him to do like getting on a ship to England. The theory that Hamlet is stopped by external obstacles is invalid because the obstacles stated are either non-existent in the beginning or are removed(p) part way through the play. If we are only looking at this theory, there is nothing left wing to stop Hamlet and yet he does not act.Out of all the theories presented for why Hamlet delays his vindicate I believe the best choice is that he is overthinking everything. Starting from the beginning of the play, all he does is think about what he should be doing or how he should be doing it and there really is not anything tenia him from killing the King. For his plans to come to fruition, Hamlet needed to become motivated enough that he would act and not stop to think about what he was doing. With this narrow mindedness achieved, Hamlet was able to finally kill the Claudius and avenge his father.

Learning and Memory Paper Essay

Human retentiveness has been a significant interest concerning how people develop remembrance and bidding computer entrepot. Researchers and educators are diligently enkindle on the neuroanatomical neural processes relate to training and the flowing literature, neuroanatomical and neural processes link to memory and the current literature. In addition, the relationship amid reading and memory form functional perspective. Researchers discuss the reasons learning and memory are interdependent, and have performed examination through case studies using animal studies because they are most useful and replic adequate studies for understanding the learning-to-memory-link. The shells from research help researchers with solving the mystery of the memory processes. Researchers discuss the importance of womb-to-tomb learning and whizz stimulation to longevity and tonicity of life to obtain knowledge and how the human several(prenominal)(a) develops their capabilities to obtain memory and how memory can affect human behaviors. To understand the functional relationship amongst learning and memory we must(prenominal) first define what both learning and memory is. erudition is draw as the acquisition of knowledge or skills through experience, practice, or topic, or by being taught (Merriam-Webster, 2011). magical spell Memory is the means by which we draw on our past experiences in order to use this learning in the present (Sternberg, 1999). Therefore, as cardinal can tell memory is essential to all of our lives. Without a memory of the past, we cannot operate in the present or think about the future. We would not be able to remember what we did yesterday, what we have done today or what we plan to do tomorrow. Without memory, we could not learn anything. Learning and Memory are connect to cognitive abilities in both humans and animals. A well-known example to show the relationship amongst learning and memory is the classic rat in maze. Rats have bee n use in experimental mazes since at least the 20th century. Thousands of studies have examined how rats run unalike types of mazes, from T-maze to radial arm mazes to water mazes.These maze studies are use to study spacial learning and memory in rats. Maze studies helped uncover familiar principles about learning that can be applied to galore(postnominal) another(prenominal) species, including humans. Today, mazes are used to determine whether contrasting treatments or conditions affect learning and memory in rats. To labour a step further, According to Kolata al, 2005 case study the tasks that comprise the learning battery (e.g., Lashley lll maze, passive avoidance, spacial water maze, order discrimination, fear conditioning) were unmistakablely chosen so that each one places unique sensory, motor, motivational, and reading processing demands on the animals. Briefly, procedure in the Lashley lll maze depends on animals use of fixed motor patterns (egocentric navigation) incite by a search for food. Passive avoidance is an operant conditioning paradigm in which the animals must learn to be passive in order to avoid aversive light and noise stimulation.The spatial water maze encourages the animals to integrate spatial info to efficiently escape from a pool of water. flavor discrimination is a task in which animals must discriminate and use a target odour to guide their search for food. Finally, fear conditioning (assessed by behavioral freezing) is a conditioning test in which the animals learn to associate a tone with a shock. We reported a positive correlation between the aggregate performance of individual outbred mice in the learning battery described above and their resultant ability to accommodate competing demands on their spatial working memory capacity. Specifically, we observe that when mice required performing in two arm mazes concurrently (a manipulation intended to place demands on working memory capacity), their performance in the target maze positively correlated with their general learning abilities. These results are suggestive of a relationship between working memory capacity and general learning abilities in mice.Memory is the process by which information is saved as knowledge and retained for further use as needed. Neuroanatomy, is the study of a particular nerve and are located, or rather memory is stored diffusely through the structures of the wit that particularly in its original state. There are four neural structures that play a usance in memory. For example, (1) hippocampus and (2) perirhinal cortex have roles in spatial and object memory and (3) the mediodorsal core and (4) the basal forebrain are implicated in memory. The medial temporal lobe memory constitution of rules, is part of the system for memory in the medial temporal lobe (MTL), this neural system consists of the hippocampus and adjacent anatomically related cortex, including entorhinal, perirhinal, and parahippocampal cortices.A ccording to (Squire, Larry R. Zola-Morgan, Stuart, 1991,)These structures are essentially for establishing long-term memory for facts and events ( indicatory memory). The MTL memory system is needed to bind in concert the distrusted reposition sites in neocortex that represent a whole memory. However, the role of this system is only temporary.P1. When cadence goes on after learning, our memory stored in neocortex tardilyly and eventually becomes independent of MTL structures. Rats have been used in experimental mazes since at least the 20th century. Thousands of studies have examined how rats run divergent types of mazes, from T-maze to radial arm mazes to water mazes. These maze studies are used to study spatial learning and memory in rats. Maze studies helped uncover general principles about learning that can be applied to many species, including humans. Today, mazes are used to determine whether different treatments or retrieval is established, convert processes that initiat e priming and explicit memory have not yet been anatomically separated, and we investigate then using event related functional magnetic resonance imaging.According to (Schott, Bjorn H. Richardson-Klavehn, Alan Henson Richard N. A Becker, Christine Heinze, Hans-Jochen Duzel, Emrah, 2006,)Activations precedicting later explicit memory egestred in the symmetric medial temporal lobe (MTL) and left prefrontal cortex (PFC). Activity predicting later priming did not occur in these areas, but rather in the bilateral extrastriate cortex, left fusiform gyrus, and bilateral inferior PFC, areas linked with comment identification, P 2. However, these areas showed response reductions, and researchers results, illustrated that priming and explicit memory have distinctive functional neuroanatomies concerning encoding with MTL activations being strictly for explicit memory, and influence that priming is initiated by sharpness of neural responding in stimulus identification areas, that are consiste nt with recent electrophysiological evidence regarding priming related neural oscillations at encoding. womb-to-tomb learning and brain stimulation are essential to mental and physical health, especially in out of date age. Throughout life, learning is what allows us to adapt to sassy situations, and learn how to survive and thrive in our current environment at any given time. As we learn, our brain becomes more active, taking in naked as a jaybird information and comparing it with old. The new data is either corroborated by the old, or there is a conflict, at which point we must use judgment to determine which information we should keep and what we should discard. Learning can never stop, or it would mean the end of growth, and possibly the end of life, for an individual. Our environment changes all day, and new stimuli are encountered. unconstipated if we have knowledge of what cars and streets are, and know how to practice safety when they are near, we are presented with new combinations and variables on these constructs every day. We must constantly assess the people and places around us, analyze them, and apply any new information to what we already know.This process, some would argue, is what makes us alive, intelligent creatures at the top of our ecological food chain. As for quality of life, very little is more important than keeping the brain active. As we age, the brain and its synaptic processes slow down and decay. Older people are more prone to dementia and other degenerative diseases. running(a) word puzzles or simply keeping a part time job to occupy the brain and keep it active and learning can extend the quality of life for any aging individuals, insideng the identical thing, while young can have the same effect. Our mental health is tied closely to our survival of the fittest and our quality of living. If we can keep our brain learning, it can stay active and alert a great deal lifelong than if we sit in front of screens and stop le arning early in life. Human memory has been a significant interest concerning how people develop memory and process memory. From inspirational design in testing using animals, such a mice and mice being the greater source of experimental advances in research in the investigation of memory and human subject use.Researchers have unfolded how memory is developed, through the experiments of these subjects. Although, there is still much more investigation greed towards how memory effects how we learn, to how we store memory and process memory. We must concern the investigation whereas so many people suffer memory dysfunctions due to human illnesses and diseases, such as Alzheimers, brain damage and learning process needs. Bio-psychologist, work closely with other fields of psychology, biological factors and psychological factors that play a role in the memory processes. Learning can be defined as the process in which ones experiences are combined into memory. One type of the traditional learning is school learning this is done by incorporating textbook facts in which is called declarative memory.Not only does one have declarative memory, but also learning of procedural memories. Declarative memory is an explicit memory, a type of long-term memory in which one go forth store memories of fact (Psychology Glossary). Having memories of things, such as when Columbus sailed to America or on what day and time your baby brother was born, one has declarative memories. Procedural memory is the most basic form of memory. For example, this type of memory is used for procedures or furthermore the basic associations between stimuli and responses (Psychology Glossary). Having the memory of riding a bike is an example of procedural memory. Once an individual has learned what the proper procedure for riding a bike, it is then stored within the procedural memory. The limbic system actually focuses on the frontal lobe and the hippocampus.This system communicates by shooting of the electrical impulses in ones neurons (Morin 2009). The neurons then become accountable for the storing of information. Brain plasticity refers to the ability for nerve cells to change through new experiences. These neurons take the information when an individual has been exposed to the stimulus to be learned. The retrieving of information is somewhat of a different process, however still maintains some of the same comparisons. Retrieving information becomes an activity of re-activating of those neurons. For both the long-term memory and the short memory these types of memories are then stored into many different places.The long-term memory process ensures that an individual will store these memories permanently (Morin 2009). This includes the changes to the cell structure and the creation of the new and unused synapses. Synapses are the junction between the neurons where a neural cell will communicate with a target cell. This is done when translating stimuli into a storage system t hat is used by the brain, linking the encoded stimuli in the memory and then accessing the memory of the stimuli at the time when it is needed, other than known as encoding, consolidation, and retrieval.REFERENCESKolata, S., Light, K., Townsend, D.A., Hale, G., Grossman, H.C., Matzel, L.D. (2005) Variations in working memory capacity predict individual differences in general learning abilities among genetically diverse mice. Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 84241246. Learning. 2011. InMerriam-Webster.com.Retrieved Jan 16, 2013, from http//www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/learning Sternberg, R. J. (1999). Cognitive psychology (2 nd ed.). Fort Worth, TX Harcourt Brace College Publishers.Neuroanatomical Dissociation of Encoding Processes Relater to Priming and Explicit Memory. By Schott, Bjorn H. Richardson-Klavehn, Alan Henson, Richard N. A. Becker, Christine Heinze, Hans-Jochen Duzel, Emrah. Journal of Neuroscience. 1/18/2006, Vol. 26 Issue 3, p792-800, 9p. 5 The Medial Temporal Lobe Memory System Squire, Larry R. Zola-Morgan, Stuart Science, Vol. 253(5026), Sep 1991, 1380-1386. inside 10.1126/science. 1896849Fernandez, A. (2007). Brain Exercise and Lifelong Learning for Alzheimers Prevention Alzheimer Disease. bind Directory Find, Search, Reprint & Submit Articles for Free. Retrieved November 02, 2010, from http//www.articlesphere.com/Article/Brain- Exercise-and-Lifelong-Learning-for-Alzheimer-s-Prevention/94361Salthouse, T. A. (2006). Mental Exercise and Mental Aging. Evaluating the Validity of the Use It or Lose It Hypothesis. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 1(1), 68-87. doi 10.1111/j.1745-6916.2006.00005.x Morin, Chrisophe September 14, 2009 The Neural Basis of Learning Psychology Glossary www.alleydog.com

Occupational Health and Safety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Occupational Health and Safety - Essay ExampleThere is no standard as to what elements or factors should be present for workplace or working conditions to be considered safe.The Contributory Negligence article of faith puts the entire blame on the employee and frees the employer of any responsibility on the mishap that occurred. The relationship between the employers and the workers is maven where their goals and the means of attaining them are segregated or are on entirely opposite fields. There is no interdependence and cooperation in reaching a common goal. Employers are mainly concerned with production and are not involved in matters concerning the conditions and welfare of their workers or employees.This doctrine held on to the notion that employees are totally and solely responsible for their actions and management is a separate entity which is only accountable to itself and to the costs and profits of the business. universe a separate entity, employers are in no way part of the workers personal and individual concerns, flat wile in the workplace or within the premises of the company structure, other than the giving of remuneration for service rendered. The basis of the relationship is only grounded on the exchange of services for wages.This doctrines main assumption is that if employees, prior(prenominal) to their acceptance of the mull over or prior to the commencement of their duties, are aware of the hazards involved in the work or of the presence of hazards in the workplace then they have accepted these hazards as part of the barter conditions. They cannot therefore sue their employees in the event that an accident happens, because their acceptance of the job meant that they have accepted the hazards that go with it.The court based this doctrine on the theory that if an employee sees that there are hazards involved in the job before even accepting the work, he would demand for a higher wage because of the possibility of acquire injured. T he employer on the other hand, as a reaction to this demand, would either do something to remove the luck or would pay the additional salary. This doctrine reflects again a boxed relationship between the employee and employer where the concern lies in the exchange of service for money. The concern does not extend to the physical or emotional welfare of the employee eyepatch working for the company. There is no initiative on the part of the employer in providing safe conditions for the workers. The reaction of eliminating the risk factors is just a response to the issue of additional wage demanded by the worker. The basis of this reaction again is the financial standing of the company or the cost that they would have to incur. It is in no way to give additional benefits to workers like safe working conditions. The burden of protecting oneself from work hazards is again on the shoulders of the workers. By demanding for additional honorarium in exchange for a future possibility of an accident occurring while at work, the worker will free the employer of any liability.C. Fellow-Servant DoctrineThe basic idea of this doctrine is that an employee cannot seek compensation from the employer for damages if the accident was caused, either entirely or in part, by a co-worker. This doctrine is regarded as an extension of the